Mining waste refers to the waste materials generated during the extraction and processing of minerals and metals from the Earth's crust. This waste can include rocks, soil, tailings, and other materials that are left behind after the valuable minerals have been extracted. Mining waste can pose environmental and health risks if not properly managed and disposed of. Research in the area of mining waste focuses on developing sustainable and efficient methods for managing and minimizing the environmental impact of mining activities. This includes studying the composition and characteristics of mining waste, as well as investigating innovative technologies for its treatment, recycling, and disposal. Some of the key challenges in this research area include finding ways to reduce the volume and toxicity of mining waste, as well as ensuring that it does not contaminate water sources or harm ecosystems. Overall, the goal of research in mining waste is to promote responsible mining practices and minimize the negative impact of mining on the environment.